Textile

The word ''textile'' originally applied only to woven fabrics, now generally applied to fibers, yarns, or fabrics or products made offers, yarns or fabrics. The term textile originates from the latin verb texere to weave but, as the Textile Institute's Terms and Definitions Glossary explains, it is now ''a general term applied to any manufacture from fibers, filaments or yarns characterized by flexibility, fineness and high ratio of Length to thickness''
Textiles, especially fabrics the fundamental component of a ready made garment, because it is the basic raw material of a garment. So it is important to know the manufacturing sequence of fabric from fiber. The quality product is the main goal at present time, Without knowledge of Textile manufacturing i.e. fiber, yarn and fabrics it is impossible to maintain the quality of a garment. Before elaborating on whole process of grey fabric manufacturing Let us look on what is textile fiber, yarn and fabric and what are the process flow chart of Textile Manufacturing can be described.
Normally, textile is a woven fabric; now applied generally to any one of the following:
1.Staple fibers and filaments suitable for conversion to or use as yarns, or for the preparation of woven, knit, or nonwoven fabrics.
2. Yarns made from natural or manufactured fibers.
3. Fabrics and other manufactured products made from fibers as defined above and from yarns.
4. Garments and other articles fabricated from fibers, yarns, or fabrics when the products retain the characteristic flexibility and drape of the original fabrics.

Textile is a very widly used term which includes: 
1. All kinds of fibers(e.g: Cotton, Jute, Wool, Polyester, Viscose etc)

2. All kinds of Process(e.g: Spinning, Weaving, Knitting, Dyeing, Printing, Finishing etc.)

3. All kinds of machineries(e.g: Spinning machineries, Weaving machineries, Knitting machineries, Dyeing machineries, Testing machineries etc.)

4. To convert textile fiber into finished or end use products(e.g: Garments, Technical textiles, Geo textiles, Medical textiles, E-textiles etc.)

Flow Chat of Textile Processing 

Input/Raw Materials →→ Processing Steps → →→→→→ Output 

Textile Fibers →→→→→→ Yarn Manufacturing  →→→→→→→→→→→ Yarn
(Spinning Mill)
↓

↓
Yarn→→→→→→→ Fabric Manufacturing→→→→→Grey Fabrics  

(Weaving/Knitting Industry)
↓
↓
Grey Fabrics→→→→→→Wet Processing →→→→→Finished Fabrics
(Dyeing, Printing & Finishing Industry)
↓
↓
Finished Fabrics→→→→ →Garment Manufacturing→→→→→ Garments
(Garment Industry)

Fiber:

 Fiber is defined as one of the delicate, hair portions of the tissues of a plant or animal or other substances that are very small in diameter in relation to there length. A fiber is a material which is several hundred times as long as its thick.

Textile Fiber: 
Textile fiber has some characteristics which differ between fiber to Textile fiber. Textile fiber can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various methods including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, and twisting. The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn include a length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Other important properties include elasticity, fineness, uniformity, durability, and luster.

Banana fiber is one kind of fiber but it is not a textile fiber. Because it can not fill up the above properties. So we can say that all fiber are not textile fiber.

Types of Textile Fiber: 
Generally two types of fiber. 

• Natural fiber. 
• Man-made fiber. 

Natural Fiber: 
Natural fibers include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They are biodegradable over time. They can be classified according to their origin.

A class name for various genera of fibers (including filaments) of: 

• Animal (i.e., silk fiber and wool fiber); 
• Mineral (i.e., asbestos fiber); or
• Vegetable origin (i.e., cotton fiber, flax fiber, jute fiber, and ramie fiber).

Man-made Fiber:
It is also known as Manufactured fiber. Synthetic or man-made fibers generally come from synthetic materials such as petrochemicals. But some types of synthetic fibers are manufactured from natural cellulose; including rayon, modal, and the more recently developed Lyocell. A class name for various genera of fibers (including filaments) produced from fiber-forming substances which may be: 

(1) Polymers synthesized from chemical compounds, e.g., acrylic fiber, nylon fiber, polyester fiber, polyethylene fiber, polyurethane fiber, and polyvinyl fibers; 

(2) Modified or transformed natural polymers, e.g., alginic and cellulose-based fibers such as acetates fiber and rayon fiber; and 

(3) Minerals:The term manufactured usually refers to all chemically produced fibers to distinguish them from the truly natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, flax, etc.e.g: Glass fiber

Textile Manufacturing Process: 
Textile manufacturing or production is a very Critical process. It starts from fiber to finished products.

Process Flow Chart of Textile Manufacturing 

Spinning
↓
Weaving
↓
Dyeing +Printing+ Finishing
↓
Garments Manufacturing